Becoming a US citizen is the final step on the immigration journey, and for most permanent residents, it is straightforward. This guide walks you through every step from filing the N-400 to taking the oath of allegiance.
1. Eligibility Requirements
The basic requirements: lawful permanent resident for 5 years (or 3 years if married to a US citizen), continuous residence in the United States during that period, physical presence for at least half of the period, good moral character, ability to read, write, and speak basic English, and knowledge of US history and government (the civics test).
There are exceptions to the English requirement based on age and time as a permanent resident, sometimes called the 50/20 and 55/15 rules. Older long-term green card holders may take the civics test in their native language.
2. Filing Form N-400
Form N-400 is the application for naturalization. The fee is currently 760 dollars including biometrics (paper) or 710 dollars (online). Fee waivers and reduced fees are available for low-income applicants.
Common evidence to include: copy of green card, marriage certificates and divorce decrees if applicable, all immigration history with dates of trips abroad, tax returns for the past 5 years (or 3), and any criminal records (even if dismissed or expunged).
3. Preparing for the Civics Test
USCIS publishes the official 100-question civics list. The interview officer asks 10 of these and you must answer at least 6 correctly. The English portion includes basic reading, writing, and speaking.
We provide every client with the official 100 questions, study guidance in English and Spanish, and a practice session before the interview.
4. The Interview and Oath Ceremony
Most South LA naturalization interviews are at the Los Angeles USCIS Field Office (300 N Los Angeles St). The officer reviews your application, asks the civics and English questions, and either approves you on the spot, requests additional evidence, or schedules a re-exam.
After approval, USCIS schedules an oath ceremony. After taking the oath, you receive your Certificate of Naturalization. From that day forward, you are a US citizen with all rights, including the right to vote and to apply for a US passport immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does naturalization take in 2026?
From N-400 filing to oath ceremony, processing currently averages 6 to 14 months at the Los Angeles Field Office, depending on workload.
Can a criminal record block naturalization?
Some convictions are permanent bars to naturalization, others trigger longer waiting periods, and others are not bars at all but require careful disclosure. Talk to an attorney before filing if you have any criminal history.
Ready to talk about your case?
Schedule an initial consultation with attorney Gracie Johnson at our Compton office.
