What to Expect on the US Citizenship Test
To become a US citizen, most applicants must pass two parts of the naturalization test: the English test (reading, writing, and speaking) and the civics test (US history and government). Preparing for both is essential — and simpler than many people fear.
Reviewed by Gracie Johnson, Certified Specialist in Immigration and Nationality Law, State Bar of California, California State Bar #276536
Last reviewed: July 2, 2026
The civics test consists of 100 possible questions about US history and government. At your naturalization interview, the USCIS officer will ask you up to 10 of these questions. You must answer at least 6 correctly to pass. USCIS publishes all 100 questions and their official answers on their website — this is what you study. The questions cover topics like the Constitution, the branches of government, US history, rights and responsibilities, and the names of elected officials.
The English test evaluates your ability to read, write, and speak simple English. At the interview, the officer will ask you to read one or two sentences in English and write one or two sentences in English. Your ability to answer the interview questions in English is also evaluated as part of the speaking portion — so the entire interview serves as your speaking test.
Exemptions: If you are 50 or older and have lived as a lawful permanent resident for at least 20 years, you can take the civics test in your native language (the '50/20 exception'). If you are 55 or older with 15 years of LPR status, same benefit ('55/15 exception'). If you are 65 or older with 20 years of LPR status, you only need to study 20 designated questions. Medical disability waivers are also available.
USCIS provides free study materials, flashcards, and practice tests on their website. Many community organizations in South LA also offer free citizenship preparation classes. Contact Gracie Johnson Law at (310) 554-4630 for guidance on your specific preparation needs.
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Also available in Spanish: Qué Esperar en el Examen de Ciudadanía de EE. UU.